On-Site Steel Structure Assembly + Integral Hoisting Construction Workflow + Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Taw qhia:Hauvsteel qauv kev tsim kho, "kev sib dhos hauv av + hnyav-crane ib qho hoisting" (kev sib sau cov qauv ua tiav rau hauv av thiab nqa nws mus rau hauv txoj haujlwm raws li ib qho kev siv cov cranes hnyav) yog ib qho ntawm cov nqi tsim nyog, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev tswj xyuas kev tsim kho zoo tshaj plaws niaj hnub no.

Piv nrog rau "high-altitude loose assembly" (assembling Cheebtsam los ntawm piece siab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua), txoj kev no ho txo ​​cov kev phom sij ntawm qhov siab, txo cov vuam tsis xws luag, thiab zoo tswj cov qauv deformation. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum muaj kev npaj hauv av nruj, kev ua haujlwm siab ua ke jig teeb, nruj nqa cov khoom siv suav nrog, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw teeb liab thiab cov lus txib.

Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia dav dav thiab cov qauv kev qhia rauon-site steel qauvkev sib dhos thiab ib qho hoisting-structured nrog meej workflows thiab cov tswv yim, ncaj qha kev cai rau kev siv yooj yim.

I. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tsim kho

Kev tsim kho Workflow Logic: Lub Hoobkas prefabrication ntawm steel Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv seem → On-site av sib dhos ntawm jigs → Vuam kho, weld soj ntsuam (NDT) & xim kov-up → Ib-thooj ib qho hoisting rau hauv txoj hauj lwm → Kho thiab structural alignment.

Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws

•  Txoj haujlwm hauv av thoob plaws: Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua nyob rau hauv av, txo qis kev pheej hmoo poob thiab kev phom sij siab.

• Kev Tswjhwm Zoo: Kev sib dhos, vuam, thiab kev sib dhos ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov, nkag mus tau rau hauv av, ua kom ntseeg tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim kom zoo.

•  High Construction Efficiency: High-altitude welding and bolting are minimized, significantly speed up construction progress.

Kev txwv

•  Tseem Thaj Tsam Loj Loj: Yuav tsum muaj qhov dav, theem, thiab thaj chaw hauv av kom zoo rau kev sib dhos ntawm qhov chaw.

• Cov Khoom Siv Hnyav & Kev Ntsuam Xyuas nruj: Yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab nqa nqa hnyav hnyav thiab nruj engineering suav nrog rau kev nqa cov xwm txheej thiab cov av thauj khoom.

Siv tau Scenarios

Qhib-site steel qauv tsim, xws li loj-span steel trusses, ru tsev steel modules, multi-span steel thav duab, thiab heavy-duty crane girder sib dhos.

II. Ua kom tiav Standardized Construction Workflow

Txheej txheem txheej txheem ntws: Kev tsim kho → Site Leveling & Compaction → Sib dhos Jig Teeb & Txais → Cov khoom tau txais & Rov tshuaj xyuas → Hauv av los ua ke → Vuam ua hauj lwm → Weld Testing (NDT) & Anti-Corrosion xim kov-up → Lifting Lug & Rigging Setup → Formal Lift Test Fine-Adjustment & Temporary Fixing → Re-checking Grid Axes & Elevation → Permanent Connection & Fastening → Rigging Removal → Project Txais → Assembly Jig Dismantling

1. Kev Npaj Ua Ntej Thaum Ntxov (Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws)

Yog tias qhov kev npaj ua ntej tsis txaus, cov teeb meem xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev hloov pauv, lossis qhov yuam kev loj tuaj yeem tshwm sim yooj yim thaum sib dhos thiab nqa. Ua tib zoo tsom ntsoov rau 4 lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb no:

• Plan First: Npaj ib lub hom phiaj hoisting tshwj xeeb. Rau kev pheej hmoo siab, kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev, cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj xyuas thiab kev pom zoo raug cai yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem engineering suav nrog rau crane kev ua haujlwm, kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tswv cuab, lub peev xwm hauv av, thiab nqa cov ntsiab lus.

• Cov ntaub ntawv & Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj: Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li lub Hoobkas, cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas zeb (MTR), cov ntaub ntawv kuaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT), thiab cov ntawv txheeb xyuas qhov ntev. nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub cov khoom tsis ua raws li kev nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

•  Site Layout Planning: Tsim kom meej ib cheeb tsam sib cais rau kev khaws cia, kev ua haujlwm hauv av, thiab crane mus ncig / qhov chaw tawm. Rau cov hauv paus av mos, khawb thiab hloov nrog cov khoom rov qab, compact, thiab pave / harden hauv av ua ntej.

• Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb: Cov vuam, cov neeg ua haujlwm crane, cov teeb liab, thiab cov riggers yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog. Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev qhia luv luv rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm, qhia meej txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kheej thiab kev txwv kev nyab xeeb.

2. Sib dhos Jig teeb thiab txais

Kev sib dhos jig (hauv av txhawb nqa ncej) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib dhos precision. Kev sib sau ua ke los yog ua tsis tau zoo, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ua ntu zus yog txwv tsis pub!

•  Siv Standard Structural Steel: Fabricate jigs siv lub teb chaws tus qauv steel seem los xyuas kom meej txaus rigidity thiab stability, tiv thaiv hauv av, deflection, los yog co tom qab loading.

•  Txhais-tawm-tawm thiab tso chaw: Ua kom raug cov kab lus qhia; nruj me ntsis tswj daim phiaj axes, elevation, thiab levelness. Rau qhov loj-span Cheebtsam, tsim nyob rau hauv pre-camber (ib tug txhob txwm upward nkhaus) raws li tsim specifications rau counteract yav tom ntej sagging nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam loads.

• Kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb & kos npe tawm: Kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua thaum ua tiav ntawm kev teeb tsa jig. Sau thiab archive tag nrho qhov ntev, qhov siab, thiab kev ntsuas flatness. Lub jig tsuas yog siv tau tom qab kos npe tawm

3. Cov khoom xa tuaj thiab hauv av los ua ke

Kev sib dhos hauv av yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas tag nrho cov qauv zoo. Precise tswj yog qhov tseem ceeb:

• Inbound Component Inspection: Tshawb xyuas txhua yam khoom thaum tuaj txog rau qhov zoo li, shipping deformation, tiv thaiv coatings, thiab bolt qhov sib dhos. Ncaj thiab kho tej yam me me deformations ua ntej sib dhos.

•  Jig Positioning & Adjustment: Tom qab zaum cov khoom mus rau lub jig, siv hydraulic jacks thiab txiv leej tub cables kom zoo-tune thiab nruj tswj kev ncua, axis kab, elevation, hauv paus qhov sib txawv (sib koom haum sib txawv), thiab ntsug alignment.

•  Tack Welding los ntawm Certified Welders: Cov kws kho mob uas muaj ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum ua tack welding (ib ntus tuav welds). Lub tack weld ntev thiab fillet ceg loj yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv kev, tiv thaiv porosity, tawg, thiab lwm yam vuam flaws.

• Symmetrical Welding & Stress Relief: Kev siv vuam yuav tsum nruj me ntsis raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "symmetrical welding" thiab "back-step welding" (welding nyob rau hauv luv luv alternating segments) kom sib npaug ntawm thermal stress thiab txo warping. Rau cov hlau phaj tuab, nruj me ntsis siv preheating thiab interpass kub tswj.

•  Post-Assembly Verification: Tom qab kev sib dhos ua tiav, rov ntsuas tag nrho qhov ntev, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub camber, thiab qhov ncaj ncaj kom lav tau tag nrho cov kev ua raws li engineering codes thiab cov duab kos duab.

4. Weld Inspection thiab Anti-Corrosion Xim Kov-up

•  Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Ua Ultrasonic Testing (UT) los yog Radiographic Testing (RT) ib tug tsim specifications. Txhua qhov vuam tsis ua raws li yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag, rov welded, thiab rov sim dua kom txog thaum 100% tsim nyog.

•  Wel Cleaning & Repainting: Sib tsoo cov pob qij txha kom du, tshem tawm xeb, slag, thiab spatter, thiab tam sim ntawd siv cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv corrosion primer thiab topcoat kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua thiab tsis zoo.

•  Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntog: Tiv thaiv lub zog siab ntawm qhov sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw, lub qhov ntsia hlau, thiab cov txheej xim tiav los ntawm kev sib tsoo, roj / roj paug, thiab cov khoom siv khawb.

5. Lifting Points thiab Rigging xaiv

Txoj Cai Lifting Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: Tsis txhob hloov cov ntsiab lus nqa yam tsis muaj kev tso cai, tsis txhob sib xyaw cov rigging tsis sib xws, thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov khoom tsis zoo.

•  Siv Designed Lifting Lugs: Ib txwm siv cov qauv tsim ua ntej, lub Hoobkas-engineered lifting lugs (pad ob lub qhov muag). Tsis tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm qhov chaw vuam lossis qhov qhov drilling rau cov ntsiab lus nqa ua ntu zus yog txwv tsis pub. Txhua lub lifting lug welds yuav tsum tau 100% NDT tshuaj xyuas.

•  Rigging Capacity Calculation: Xaiv cov hlua hlau hlua, shackles, thiab nqa slings nruj me ntsis raws li xam cov loads, suav nrog dynamic load kev nyab xeeb yam. Kev thauj khoom ntau dhau yog txwv tsis pub.

•  Corner Protectors: Txhim kho lub kaum tiv thaiv (softeners/ntug guards) ntawm txhua lub kaum ntse ntse thiab cov npoo ntawm cov neeg hlau kom tiv thaiv cov hlua hlau los ntawm kev txiav lossis puas.

• Cov Kev Pabcuam Ib ntus: Ntxiv cov hlua khi ib ntus / cov tswvcuab rau cov qauv sib luag lossis cov phab ntsa nyias nyias (xws li cov hlua ntev) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib tw, buckling, lossis hauv zos deformation thaum lub sij hawm hoisting.

6. Kev Ntsuas Lift (yuav tsum tsis txhob hla)

Kev sim nqa yog qhov kawg tiv thaiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hoisting xwm txheej.

•  Lift and Hover: Smoothly hoist the component 200–300 mm clear of the assembly jig, and hold it suspended on the air for 5 mus rau 10 feeb.

• Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas: Ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas: cov xwm txheej thauj khoom ntawm cov ntsiab lus nqa, rigging deformation, tag nrho cov tswv cuab hauv zos deflection, crane stability, av nyob rau hauv outriggers, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog snagging ntawm lub jig.

• Tam sim ntawd txo qis ntawm qhov txawv txav: Yog tias pom muaj suab nrov txawv txav, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv, lossis kev sib haum xeeb hauv av ntau dhau lawm, txo cov khoom rov qab rau hauv lub jig tam sim ntawd. Txoj kev hoisting tsuas yog ua tau tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo kho.

7. Tag Nrho Kev Sib Koom Tes Hoisting, Qhov Chaw, thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg ib ntus

•  Unified Single-Person Signaling: Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib tus thawj coj qhia kev taw qhia siv tus qauv tes taw qhia thiab cov lus txib. Ntau tus neeg taw qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm chaotic raug txwv nruj heev.

•  Smooth Crane Movements: Hoisting, slewing (swinging), thiab luffing (boom derricking) yuav tsum nyob twj ywm thiab qeeb. Tsis txhob nres sai, tig ntse, lossis poob siab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av yuav tsum siv cov kab tag (cov hlua qhia) kom ruaj khov ntawm qhov kev taw qhia thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo nrog cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm.

•  Postitioning & Tam sim no Kev Pabcuam Tam Sim No: Ib zaug zaum rau ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa mus tas li, ua kom zoo-tsim daim phiaj axes, qhov siab, thiab ntsug plumbness. Tam sim ntawd nruab ib ntus kev txhawb nqa struts thiab nruj txiv neej cables.

•  Core Safety Red Line: Tsis txhob tso lub crane nuv kom txog thaumsteel qauvtsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, txhawb nqa tus kheej cov txheej txheem.

8. Kev sib txuas mus tas li thiab kev ua tiav tiav

•  High-Strength Bolting Ua ntej: Ua ntej muaj lub zog siab bolt fastening. Ua raws li ob-theem nruj ib ntus: "Pib Tightening → Final Torque Tightening". Kos txhua tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj kom meej meej tom qab qhov kawg nruj kom tsis txhob plam, xoob, lossis dhau-torque bolts.

•  On-Site Splice Vuam: Ua rau ntawm qhov chaw pob tw thiab splice welds nyob rau hauv ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab ua tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT) tam sim ntawd thaum ua tiav.

•  Txhua yam kev ntsuas rov ntsuas dua: Rov ntsuas txhua qhov loj me, qhov siab, thiab qhov muaj nqis deflection. Thaum muaj ntawv pov thawj raws li kev ua raws cai, muaj kev nyab xeeb dismantle lifting iav, kev txhawb nqa ib ntus, thiab hauv av sib dhos jig.

• Kev Kho & Kev Xa Khoom: Kov tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj los tiv thaiv corrosion thiab fireproof coatings thoob plaws cheeb tsam cuam tshuam los ua kom tiav installation tiav.

III. Kev Ceeb Toom Ntawm Qhov Chaw Tseem Ceeb (Key Pitfalls Kom Zam Tau)

1. Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Ntsiab Lus Zoo

•  Koom Jig Foundation: Lub hauv paus hauv qab lub rooj sib dhos jig yuav tsum ruaj, compacted, thiab theem. Kev ua hauj lwm los ua ke yog txwv nruj rau cov av mos los yog hauv av hauv av thaum lub caij ntuj nag los tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb tsis sib xws.

•  Strict Pre-camber Control: Ua kom raug lub camber pre-camber (intentional upward curve) rau cov tswv cuab loj raws li tus nqi tsim. Muab ob npaug rau kev ntsuas ua ntej thiab tom qab sib dhos kom tsis txhob poob qis tom qab erection.

•  Cov Kev Txwv Huab Cua Huab Cua: Tshem tawm qhov vuam qhib tam sim thaum muaj cua daj cua dub, nag, daus, lossis txias txias. Xyuas kom cov hlau ntub dej kom huv si qhuav nrog cua sov torches ua ntej rov pib vuam.

• Tiv Thaiv High-Strength Bolt Friction Surfaces: nruj me ntsis tiv thaiv ntsia liaj qhov rooj tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam nto. Kev sib tsoo, roj paug, los yog vuam spatter kub hnyiab yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub, kom ntseeg tau tias cov plam coefficient ua tau raws li cov qauv kev lag luam.

2. Yuav tsum Lifting Safety Red Lines

• ＊ Huab Cua Txwv: Kev txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm thaum muaj cua daj cua dub ntawm Force 6 thiab siab dua (cua nrawm ≥ 10.8 m / s), pos huab, nag hnyav, lossis thaum hmo ntuj teeb pom kev tsis txaus.

•  Crane Outrigger Support: Crane outriggers yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb siab los ntawm tuab steel load-distribution daim hlau hla cov khoom, txheeb xyuas hauv av kom tiv thaiv crane tipping lossis outrigger punch-dhau.

• Rigid Safety Exclusion Zone: Tsim kom muaj ib qho kev txwv nruj thiab thaj chaw cais tawm hauv lub voj voog ua haujlwm crane. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis raug tso cai raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus, hla dhau, lossis nyob hauv thaj chaw.

• Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Ua Ntej Ua Ntej Rigging: Tshawb xyuas txhua yam khoom siv hoisting, rigging hardware, thiab xaim hlua ua ntej txhua txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Hloov tam sim ntawd yog tias cov hlua hlau tawg, hnav ntau dhau, lossis kinks / deformations tshaj qhov txwv.

3. Kev pheej hmoo ntau thiab kev tiv thaiv

• Cov Cheebtsam Ntau Deformation: Pre-set design camber, ntxiv ib ntus reinforcement struts, ua raws li symmetrical welding sequences, thiab ua tag nrho lifting condition load checks.

•  Lifting Lug Tear-out Failure: Ua cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev nqa lub log, xyuas kom muaj kev nkag mus rau qhov vuam nrog 100% NDT tshuaj xyuas, thiab nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub nqa cov ntsiab lus tsis pom zoo.

•  Crane Av Settlement lossis Tipping: Txheeb xyuas thiab ua kom cov av tawv ua ntej, tso cov hlau hnyav rau hauv qab cov khoom tawm, thiab saib xyuas cov av hauv av thaum lub sij hawm sim nqa.

•  Structural Instability tom qab muab tso rau: Tam sim ntawd nruab ib tug txiv neej cables thiab ib ntus kev pab txhawb nqa struts, nruj me ntsis raws li txoj cai: "Tsis txhob tso lub crane nuv ua ntej tus qauv yuav ruaj ntseg."

•  Substandard High-Strength Bolting: nruj me ntsis tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw, siv cov txheej txheem nruj torque, thiab tshuaj xyuas thiab xim-kos txhua tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj thaum ua tiav.

IV. Cov ntsiab lus

Lub hauv paus tswj logic ntawmon-site steel qauv sib dhosthiab ib qho hoisting tuaj yeem raug sau tseg raws li: precision hauv av sib dhos, nruj jig tswj, nruj hoisting xam, du thiab khov kho, thiab tsis txhob tso tus nuv ua ntej kev ruaj ntseg.

Los ntawm kev tswj hwm plaub tus ncej tseem ceeb-jig zoo, vuam deformation, nqa cov khoom thauj, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ib ntus-feem ntau cov kev tsim kho tsis zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb raug xwm txheej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, muab kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, thiab kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev loj-span steel structural engineering.